The main company types in Turkey are Private Limited, Joint Stock companies,
Commandite and Collective Companies. Foreign businesses can also open a
Liaison Office or a Branch in Turkey.
In this
section, you can find an overview
of these companies
in Turkey, access their registration
procedure and documentary requirements,
or go to the section of a particular
company type for further information.
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Foreign investors can form a company in Turkey.
A foreign investor is defined as a company
registered outside Turkey, or a non-Turkish
national, or Turkish nationals who reside
abroad. The removal of the requirement of
the prior ministerial approval has conferred ‘Turkish
Company’ status to all foreign investment
based companies with the same rights and
obligations of Turkey based companies. Provided
all required documents are submitted to a
Trade Registry Office, a company can be incorporated
in Turkey just in one day.
There are business organisations under special
Turkish legislation for which prior establishment
approval must be obtained from the Ministry
of Commerce and Industry. These regulated
sectors are: Banks, Private Finance Institutions,
Insurance, Financial Leasing, Factoring,
Holdings, Foreign Currency Exchange Offices,
Public Warehousing, founders and operators
of Free Trade Zones and companies subject
to the Capital Markets Law.
A Limited Company is set up with at least
two real persons or legal entities. The
liability of the shareholders is limited
with the share capital. Minimum capital
requirement is 5.000 YTL. Unlike joint
stock companies, stock certificates are
not issued. For further information, visit
the section on Limited
Companies.
A Joint Stock Company is a limited company
that can issue stock certificates, and
set up with at least 5 shareholders, real
persons or legal entities. The company’s
stock capital is divided into shares, and
the liability of the shareholders is limited
with the share capital. Minimum capital
requirement is 50,000 YTL. General Assembly,
Board of Directors and Supervisory Board
are mandatory company organs. For further
information, click on Joint
Stock Companies.
A Commandite Company is a type of company
established to carry out a business under
a trade name. Whereas the liability of
some shareholders is limited to the capital
subscribed and paid by the shareholder
(commanditer), for some shareholders there
is no limitation of liability. The liability
of legal entities will be in proportion
to their shares. There is no minimum capital
requirement. The rights and obligations
of the shareholders are determined by the
Articles of Association.
A Collective Company is similar to a Commandite
Company, except only real persons can be
shareholders of a Collective Company and
the liability of the shareholders is limited
to the capital subscribed and paid by the
shareholder. Like a Commandite Company,
a Collective Company is set op carry out
a business under a trade name without a
requirement of minimum capital, where the
rights and obligations of the shareholders
are also set out in the Articles of Association.
Companies based abroad can open liaison
offices in Turkey provided if commercial
activities are not carried out through these
offices. For further information, visit the
section on Setting up a Liaison Office.
Companies based abroad whose capital is divided
into shares can open branches in Turkey.
Opening a Branch requires prior approval
from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
For further information, click on Setting
up a Branch.
Limited Company
Joint Stock Company
Commandite Company
Collective Company
Liaison Office
Branch
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Limitet Şirket
Anonim Şirket
Komandit Şirket
Kolektif Şirket
İrtibat Bürosu
Şube
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